Built by the river

A rapid assessment of building exposure by relative height above nearby rivers in Nepal

Map

District boundary and HAND risk overlay (0-20 m above the nearest river) over the OpenStreetMap basemap — individual buildings are visible in the basemap itself. Areas over 20 m are left uncolored (safe).

Buildings by height above the nearest river

Building types by relative height to the river

Share of each building type's buildings falling in every height band (100% per row) — row totals in parentheses.

This page shows a rapid assessment done with open source data about the distribution of buildings in relation to the height of the nearest river. Buildings are mapped according to five different categories: buildings that are within 5m from river level, then 10m, 15m and 20m. The charts below show the distribution of buildings according to their function (as mapped on OpenStreetMap). At the top there are 3 other pages that focus on single districts, hospitals and schools.

Districts by share of buildings within 0-5 m of the river

Each district shaded by what fraction of its buildings sit in the highest-risk band — darker red means a larger share.

Buildings by height above the nearest river — all of Nepal

Building types by relative height to the river — all of Nepal

Share of each building type's buildings falling in every height band (100% per row) — row totals in parentheses.

Buildings by height above the river, per district

All 77 districts, ranked by the share of their buildings within 0-5 m of the nearest river (highest first) — row totals in parentheses.

Hospitals, clinics, pharmacies, dentists and other health facilities — the building type where flood exposure most directly threatens emergency response and continuity of care. Nationwide, all 77 districts.

Where health facilities sit relative to the river

Each dot is one facility's location (from OpenStreetMap), colored by its height above the nearest river.

By facility type

Ranked by count — stacked by height above the nearest river.

By district

Districts with at least one health facility, ranked by count — stacked by height above the nearest river.

Schools, colleges, universities and kindergartens — the building type where flood exposure most directly threatens continuity of education. Nationwide, all 77 districts.

Where schools sit relative to the river

Each dot is one school's location (from OpenStreetMap), colored by its height above the nearest river.

By facility type

Ranked by count — stacked by height above the nearest river.

By district

Districts with at least one school, ranked by count — stacked by height above the nearest river.

About this project

Given the risk of flooding events in Nepal, this project aims at having a better understanding of the spatial distribution of buildings in relation to relative height from nearby river. It uses open source datasets from Open Street map and Copernicus 30m. The analysis now covers all 77 districts of Nepal.

Methods

Building data extracted from Open Street Map, DEM elevation extracted from Copernicus/GLO30 Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) computed using the PCRaster package in QGIS. The HAND values are then aggregated to the district level and visualized in this dashboard. Final scripting and dashboard built using JavaScript, Leaflet,D3.js and Claude Code.

Limitations

Please keep in mind that the HAND is a simplified representation of the true flood risk and should be used in conjunction with other data and expert knowledge. The dataset is created with an initial resolution of 30m, this will be reflected in the uncertainty attached to the estimates. Open Street Map data is used for building footprints and function.

Credits

Giacomo Butté giacomobutte.com | get in contact for questions, suggestions, edits