District boundary and HAND risk overlay (0-20 m above the nearest river) over the OpenStreetMap basemap — individual buildings are visible in the basemap itself. Areas over 20 m are left uncolored (safe).
Share of each building type's buildings falling in every height band (100% per row) — row totals in parentheses.
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Share of each building type's buildings falling in every height band (100% per row) — row totals in parentheses.
Each dot is one of Nepal's 77 districts, positioned by what share of its buildings sit within 5 m of the nearest river. Hover a dot for the district name and its building count.
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Both axes are log scale, to spread out the many small districts against the few large ones. X-axis: buildings within 5 m of a river (measured exposure). Y-axis: buildings damaged by reported floods, 2011–2025.
Each district shaded by what fraction of its buildings sit in the highest-risk band — darker red means a larger share. Dots show reported flood damage: size and label are each district's total buildings damaged, summed across all 2011–2025 flood reports — districts with no building damage on record have no dot.
Hospitals, clinics, pharmacies, dentists and other health facilities — the building type where flood exposure most directly threatens emergency response and continuity of care.
Each dot is one facility's location (from OpenStreetMap), colored by its height above the nearest river.
Ranked by count — stacked by height above the nearest river.
Schools, colleges, universities and kindergartens — the building type where flood exposure most directly threatens continuity of education.
Each dot is one school's location (from OpenStreetMap), colored by its height above the nearest river.
Ranked by count — stacked by height above the nearest river.
2,703 flood incident reports (2011–2025) matched to the municipality — or, failing that, the district — where each occurred. Source records often name a pre-2017 Village Development Committee, so some events are only located to their district; see a report's popup for how precisely it was placed.
Each dot is one flood incident report, colored by that report's total buildings affected (government and private houses, fully and partially damaged, summed together). Click a dot for the full report.
Given the risk of flooding events in Nepal, this project aims at having a better understanding of the spatial distribution of buildings in relation to relative height from nearby river. It uses open source datasets from Open Street map and Copernicus 30m. The analysis now covers all 77 districts of Nepal.
Building data extracted from Open Street Map, DEM elevation extracted from Copernicus/GLO30 Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) computed using the PCRaster package in QGIS. The HAND values are then aggregated to the district level and visualized in this dashboard. Final scripting and dashboard built using JavaScript, Leaflet,D3.js and Claude Code.
Please keep in mind that the HAND is a simplified representation of the true flood risk and should be used in conjunction with other data and expert knowledge. The dataset is created with an initial resolution of 30m, this will be reflected in the uncertainty attached to the estimates. Open Street Map data is used for building footprints and function.